Infrared Rays
Infrared rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. That is why it is usually invisible to the human eye. But we feel the heating effect of it. For this, it can be used as a deliberate heating source. Today infrared heating is becoming more and more popular in industrial manufacturing processes, for example - in curing of coatings, forming of plastics, annealing, plastic welding, and print drying, etc.
Infrared has a range of applications, including wireless communication, spectroscopy, and weather forecasting. The household uses like TV remote control that shoots the IR power pulses of the IR receiver from the light-emitting diode (LED) to the TV, relying on infrared radiation.
Infrared rays have wavelengths ranging from 700 nanometers (nm)s to 1 millimeter (mm). At 700 nanometers (nm)s, the corresponding frequency is approximately 430 terahertz (THz), and at wavelength 1 millimeter (mm) the corresponding frequency is approximately 300 gigahertz (GHz).
Visible light
Visible light rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is visible to the human eye. That is why it has a special significance for us. In the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS), the neighbors of visible light are such as infrared radiation on one side and ultraviolet radiation on the other side.
Visible light rays have wavelengths ranging from 380 nanometers (nm)s to 740 nanometers (nm)s. At 380 nanometers (nm)s, the corresponding frequency is approximately 405 terahertz (THz), and at wavelength 740 nanometers (nm)s the corresponding frequency is approximately 790 terahertz (THz).
A typical human eye responds to wavelengths ranging from about 380 nanometers (nm) to 740 nanometers (nm)s. That is why we can see this light. We see these lights as the colors of the rainbow. Although each color has a different wavelength.
Ultraviolet rays
Ultraviolet rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) whose wavelength is shorter than visible light but longer than that of X-rays. Ultraviolet rays have wavelengths ranging from 10 nanometers (nm)s to 400 nanometers (nm)s. At 10 nanometers (nm)s, the corresponding frequency is approximately 30 petahertz (PHz), and at wavelength 400 nanometers (nm)s the corresponding frequency is approximately 750 terahertz (THz).
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation reside in sunlight and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun. Too much exposure to UV radiation present in the sunlight is damaging to living tissue. For which the Earth's atmosphere is made up of ozone layers that help protect organisms from these extra ultraviolet rays.
But the use of these ultraviolet rays in science is essential. Ultraviolet rays have a range of applications, including Photography, Therapy, Sterilization, and disinfection. Ultraviolet rays are also used in the electrical, and electronics industries.
X-rays
X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is capable of penetrating materials (including biological tissue) and ionizing gases. It is similar to light but with extremely short wavelengths and high frequency.
X-rays have wavelengths ranging from 10 picometres (pm) to 10 nanometres (nm)s. At 10 picometres (pm), the corresponding frequency is approximately 30 petahertz (PHz), and at wavelength 10 nanometres (nm)s the corresponding frequency is approximately 30 exahertz (EHz).
Gamma rays
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that comes from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It has the shortest wavelengths and the maximum energy of any rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma-rays have wavelengths of less than 100 picometers (pm)s, and frequencies greater than about 10^19 cycles per second, or hertz (Hz).
Gamma rays have the relatively strong penetrating power of matter that is why Ernest Rutherford named this radiation as gamma rays. Gamma rays have a range of applications, including Gamma-ray therapy, Gamma-ray astronomy.